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Journeying to the Moon Remote sensing is possibly the most powerful scientific tool to mature during the Space Age. These false-color images of the Moon were compiled from data returned by Galileo during its 1990 Earth-Moon encounter and later superimposed over an airbrushed map. The ways surface materials, such as soils, reflect light can tell us about their composition. Here the different colors indicate different reflectivities and composition. For example, green and yellow indicate iron- and magnesium-rich minerals. USGS