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Planetary News: Mars (2007)

HiRISE Releases 1,200 Detailed Images of Mars


June 7, 2007
Martian gullies -- close up
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Martian gullies -- close up
The HiRISE camera onboard MRO took this view of gullies in an unnamed crater in the Terra Sirenum region of Mars. Credit: Courtesy NASA /JPL /Univ. of Arizona

Anyone connected by Internet can now see planet Mars better than at any time in history, through the eye of HiRISE, the High Resolution Imaging Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The HiRISE team has just released more than 1,200 Mars images to the Planetary Data System.

Not only has the team released 1.7 Terabytes of HiRISE data -- the largest single dataset ever delivered to NASA's space mission data library -- but also a user-friendly way for the public to easily see HiRISE images.

Thanks to tools available on HiRISE's new webpage, any Internet user can quickly pull up and explore the same remarkable images that both thrill and confound scientists.

"These images must contain hundreds of important discoveries about Mars," said HiRISE Principal Investigator Alfred McEwen of the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. "We just need time to realize what they are."

The HiRISE camera takes images of 6-kilometer- (3.5-mile-) wide swaths as the orbiter flies between 250 to 316 kilometers (155 to 196 miles) above Mars' surface. For at least the next 18 months, HiRISE will collect thousands of color, black-and-white, and stereo images of the Martian surface, resolving features as small as 40 inches across, covering about one percent of the planet.

The team based at the University of Arizona's HiRISE Operations Center (HiROC) began releasing selected images on the Internet when science operations began in November 2006. In April, team members began reprocessing all the images taken up to March 25, 2007.

With the first 1,200 images, HiRISE becomes a Planetary Data System (PDS) "data node." "A PDS data node is designed to provide access to a particular data set during an active mission, when the data are of greatest interest," said NASA's R. Stephen Saunders, the PDS program scientist. The PDS is online at http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov.

The Planetary Data System (PDS) is used by scientists, students, textbook writers, and a growing number of others who follow the latest planetary discoveries. NASA started the archive two decades ago when planetary scientists requested a system to keep the expanding volume of data collected from NASA missions in a form accessible at any time in the future, said Saunders. "As computers evolve and change, we expect to always be able to access the data, a national treasure."

The newly designed HiRISE website gives general users, as well as scientists, a tool to quickly home in on any location within a single huge HiRISE image, which often will be a gigabyte image measuring 20,000 pixels by 50,000 pixels. The tool, which was developed by ITT-Visual Information Solutions in Boulder, Colorado, is called the IAS Viewer. Users can download it for free directly from the HiRISE Website.

Richard Cooke, president and CEO of ITT Visual Information Systems said, "ITT is committed to supporting the space science community with technology and services that advance the pursuit of discovery. Integrating our IAS technologies with the HiRISE project is very exciting for us, as it helps bring space science applications to a wider community of users, including the general public."

The advantage to IAS-Viewer technology is that it transmits only the amount of data needed to render that portion of the image displayed on the computer screen. That is, each time a user zooms in on a image, he or she doesn't download a completely new set of pixels. Instead, the user is downloading only the higher resolution parts of the image data, which are added to the image data already downloaded by the viewer. The IAS Viewer ultimately renders the selected part of the image in high resolution by adding more and more pixels.

Cave entrance on the flank of Arsia Mons
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Cave entrance on the flank of Arsia Mons
In this HiRISE image captured on May 7, 2007, a black spot mars the flank of Arsia Mons. The spot is most likely a skylight onto a subterranean cavern. Credit: NASA / JPL / U. Arizona

HiRISE communications team member Yisrael Espinoza said he designed the new HiRISE website to be image-driven. Visitors can take a quick look at an image, or see a larger browse version, or the full-resolution version according to how interested they are in a particular picture. The full-resolution version will launch the IAS Viewer once users have downloaded the free software onto their computers.

Tantalizing, recent HiRISE images of Mars include:

- A "black hole," a possible cavern on Mars. HiRISE saw no detail in the shadow, which is consistent with a deep hole and overhanging walls.

- An image of a crater from an impact blast that triggered 100,000 dust avalanches.

- New details on the fine-layered sedimentary rocks on plains next to Juventae Chasma, which features intriguing repeating layers.

- Buried sedimentary rocks exposed in ancient terrain in the southern highlands.

- South polar 'geysers' that possibly result from the explosive release of carbon dioxide gas, trapped under pressure beneath translucent carbon dioxide ice.

- "Spiders" on Mars, channels near the South Pole that apparently converge and flow uphill.

HiRISE is called "The People's Camera" because the HiRISE team provides processed images to the world to stimulate learning, discussion, and investigation. HiRISE researchers encourage the scientific community and the public to help target and analyze images.